A . 尺寸，形狀缺陷

鑄造缺陷casting defects

尺寸超差impropershrinkage allowance

尺寸不合格wrong size

模樣錯誤excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error

壁厚不均differentthickness

鑄型下(xià)垂mold sag

錯型mold shift,shift, miss-match, cross-joint

舂移ram off, ramaway

塌型mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker

上型下(xià)沉，沉芯sag( 上型和型芯下(xià)垂導緻壁厚減小(xiǎo)）

飛翅fins, joint flash

翹曲warp age,buckling, warping, camber

鑄件變形warped casting

擠箱push up,cramp-off

型裂broken mold,cracked

掉砂crush ofmold, crush

變形deformation,casting distortion, warped casting

B. 縮孔（由凝固收縮引起)

縮孔shrinkage,shrinkaged cavity

内部縮孔internalshrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage

敞露縮孔open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks, depression

縮松porosity, shrinkage porosity,leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage

縮陷sink marks,draw, suck-in

芯面縮孔core shrinkage

内角縮孔cornershrinkage, fillet shrinkage

出汗孔extruded bead,exudation

線狀縮孔fissure likeshrinkage

C. 氣體(tǐ)缺陷（由氣體(tǐ)引起的孔）

氣孔blowholes,gas hole, blow

針孔pinholes

裂紋狀缺陷，線狀缺陷fissure defects

D. 裂紋

裂紋crack

縮裂shrinkage crack

季裂seasoncracking, season crack

應力熱裂hot cracking,hot tearing, hot tear

淬火(huǒ)裂紋quench crack,quenching crack

應力冷裂cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing, cold tear

龜裂crack

激冷層裂紋，白(bái)裂chill crack

E. 夾雜(zá)物(wù)

夾渣slaginclusion, slag blowholes

砂眼sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole

其他夾雜(zá)物(wù)the other inclusion

脹砂push up,cramp-off, sand hole

掉砂crush, crushof mold

硬點hard spot

浮渣dross ( 澆注後在鑄型内形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物(wù)和硫化物(wù)的線狀缺陷的總稱，另外(wài)，澆注過程中(zhōng)被卷進去(qù)的缺陷成爲夾渣和砂眼，兩者的區别是形成原因不同）

石墨浮渣graphite dross,carbon dross

氧化皮夾渣oxide dross, oxideinclusion, skins, seams

硫化物(wù)熔渣sulfide dross

沉澱物(wù)sludge

夾渣物(wù)sand inclusion,oxide inclusion, skins, seams

黑點，黑渣black spots,lustrous carbon

塗料夾渣blacking,refractory coating inclusions

光亮碳膜lustrous carbonfilms, kish tracks

F. 外(wài)觀缺陷

澆不足misrun, shortrun, cold lap, cold shut

冷隔cold shut,cold laps

輕度冷隔seam

兩重皮plate

皺皮surface fold,gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks

漏箱run-out,runout, break-out, bleeder

漏芯mold drop,stiker

未澆滿short pours,short run, poured short

氣孔blowholes, blow

飛翅fins，joint flash

脹砂，氣疱swell, blister

芯撐未融合chaplet shut,insert cold shut, unfused chaplet

熱粘砂burn in

熱痕flow marks

内滲豆，冷豆，冷隔internal sweating, coldshot, shot iron

外(wài)滲物(wù)sweating

磷化物(wù)滲豆phosphide sweat

鉛滲豆lead sweat

錫滲豆tin sweat

掉砂rat, sticker （型砂的一(yī)部分(fēn)附着在模樣上而形成的表面缺陷）

G. 型芯缺陷

砂芯斷裂crushed core,broken core

砂芯壓碎broken core

芯面縮孔core blow

砂芯縮孔core blow

砂芯下(xià)垂sag core,deformed core

砂芯彎曲deformed core

漂芯shiftedcore, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout

偏芯core shift

H. 表面缺陷

沾砂burn on,sand burning, burn in , penetration

粘型（金屬型）fusion

兩重皮laminations ,plat

機械粘砂penetration ,metal penetration

夾渣結疤scabs ,expansion scabs , corner scab

表面粗糙rough casting ,rough surface

鼠尾buckle , rattail

塗料結疤blacking scab ,wash scabs

烘幹不足sever surface ,wash scabs

熟痕surfacedefect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚斷面處形成下(xià)陷的蛇狀傷痕）

塗料剝落wash erosion

氣疱blister ,surface or subsurface blow hole

表面粗糙rough surface ,seems , scars

起皮stripping

剝落結疤pull down ,spalling scab

傷痕crow’s feet

麻面pittingsurface , orange peel , alligator skin

熱裂痕surface folds, gas runs

泡疤表面surface folds ,gas runs

象皮狀皺皮surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin

皺皮surface fold, gas run , seams , scare , flow marks

波紋wave

沖砂wash

沖蝕erosion

I. 組織缺陷（鑄鐵)

球化不良poor nodularity, degenerated graphite

蠕墨化不良degeneratedgraphite

異常石墨abnormalgraphite

開(kāi)花狀石墨exploded graphite

過冷石墨under cooledgraphite , D-type graphite

石墨細小(xiǎo)顆粒chunky graphite

石墨粗大(dà)kish graphite ,kish

整列石墨aligned graphite

石墨漂浮floated graphite

石墨魏氏組織Widmannstattengraphite

麻口mottled cast iron , mottle

灰點mottle

反麻口inverse mottle ( 與麻口相反，在薄斷面處和尖角處形成的麻口）

白(bái)口chill

反白(bái)口reverse chill , inverse chill

冷豆extruded bead , exudation ,internal sweating

退火(huǒ)不足miss annealing , incomplete annealing

粗大(dà)枝晶組織coarsened dendritic

反偏析inverse segregation

比重偏析gravity segregation

溶質偏析solute segregation

宏觀偏析macroscopic segregation

微觀偏析microscopic segregation

J. 斷口缺陷

表面鐵素體(tǐ)ferrite rim

表面珠光體(tǐ)pearlite rim

白(bái)緣，脫碳pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlitelayer

不均勻斷口heterogeneous f